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            <h1 id="seo-header">数据代理</h1>
            
            
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                <p>使用 JavaScript 的 <code>Object.defineProperty()</code> 实现简单数据代理的方法：<br>同时这也是vue数据代理的底层原理</p>
<figure class="highlight javascript"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br><span class="line">16</span><br><span class="line">17</span><br><span class="line">18</span><br><span class="line">19</span><br><span class="line">20</span><br><span class="line">21</span><br><span class="line">22</span><br><span class="line">23</span><br><span class="line">24</span><br><span class="line">25</span><br><span class="line">26</span><br><span class="line">27</span><br><span class="line">28</span><br><span class="line">29</span><br><span class="line">30</span><br><span class="line">31</span><br><span class="line">32</span><br><span class="line">33</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><code class="hljs javascript"><span class="hljs-keyword">let</span> data = &#123;<br>    <span class="hljs-attr">name</span>: <span class="hljs-string">&#x27;张三&#x27;</span>,<br>    <span class="hljs-attr">age</span>: <span class="hljs-number">25</span><br>&#125;;<br><br><span class="hljs-keyword">let</span> proxyData = &#123;&#125;;<br><br><span class="hljs-title class_">Object</span>.<span class="hljs-title function_">defineProperty</span>(proxyData, <span class="hljs-string">&#x27;name&#x27;</span>, &#123;<br>    <span class="hljs-title function_">get</span>(<span class="hljs-params"></span>) &#123;<br>        <span class="hljs-keyword">return</span> data.<span class="hljs-property">name</span>;<br>    &#125;,<br>    <span class="hljs-title function_">set</span>(<span class="hljs-params">newValue</span>) &#123;<br>        data.<span class="hljs-property">name</span> = newValue;<br>    &#125;<br>&#125;);<br><br><span class="hljs-title class_">Object</span>.<span class="hljs-title function_">defineProperty</span>(proxyData, <span class="hljs-string">&#x27;age&#x27;</span>, &#123;<br>    <span class="hljs-title function_">get</span>(<span class="hljs-params"></span>) &#123;<br>        <span class="hljs-keyword">return</span> data.<span class="hljs-property">age</span>;<br>    &#125;,<br>    <span class="hljs-title function_">set</span>(<span class="hljs-params">newValue</span>) &#123;<br>        data.<span class="hljs-property">age</span> = newValue;<br>    &#125;<br>&#125;);<br><br><span class="hljs-variable language_">console</span>.<span class="hljs-title function_">log</span>(proxyData.<span class="hljs-property">name</span>); <span class="hljs-comment">// 张三</span><br><span class="hljs-variable language_">console</span>.<span class="hljs-title function_">log</span>(proxyData.<span class="hljs-property">age</span>); <span class="hljs-comment">// 25</span><br><br>proxyData.<span class="hljs-property">name</span> = <span class="hljs-string">&#x27;李四&#x27;</span>;<br>proxyData.<span class="hljs-property">age</span> = <span class="hljs-number">30</span>;<br><br><span class="hljs-variable language_">console</span>.<span class="hljs-title function_">log</span>(data.<span class="hljs-property">name</span>); <span class="hljs-comment">// 李四</span><br><span class="hljs-variable language_">console</span>.<span class="hljs-title function_">log</span>(data.<span class="hljs-property">age</span>); <span class="hljs-comment">// 30</span><br></code></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<p>在上述代码中，首先定义了一个原始数据对象 <code>data</code>。然后创建了一个空对象 <code>proxyData</code>。通过 <code>Object.defineProperty()</code> 方法为 <code>proxyData</code> 对象定义了 <code>name</code> 和 <code>age</code> 属性的 getter 和 setter。当访问 <code>proxyData.name</code> 或 <code>proxyData.age</code> 时，实际上是通过 getter 方法获取 <code>data</code> 对象中对应的属性值。当设置 <code>proxyData.name</code> 或 <code>proxyData.age</code> 时，通过 setter 方法更新 <code>data</code> 对象中对应的属性值。这样就实现了对原始数据的代理访问和修改。</p>
<p>使用 <code>Object.defineProperty()</code> 实现数据代理有以下好处：</p>
<p><strong>一、数据封装和控制</strong></p>
<ol>
<li><p>保护原始数据：通过代理对象来访问和修改原始数据，可以将原始数据进行封装，避免直接对原始数据进行意外的修改。你可以在 setter 方法中添加验证逻辑，确保数据的合法性和完整性。</p>
<figure class="highlight javascript"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><code class="hljs javascript"><span class="hljs-title class_">Object</span>.<span class="hljs-title function_">defineProperty</span>(proxyData, <span class="hljs-string">&#x27;age&#x27;</span>, &#123;<br>    <span class="hljs-title function_">get</span>(<span class="hljs-params"></span>) &#123;<br>        <span class="hljs-keyword">return</span> data.<span class="hljs-property">age</span>;<br>    &#125;,<br>    <span class="hljs-title function_">set</span>(<span class="hljs-params">newValue</span>) &#123;<br>        <span class="hljs-keyword">if</span> (newValue &lt; <span class="hljs-number">0</span> ||!<span class="hljs-title class_">Number</span>.<span class="hljs-title function_">isInteger</span>(newValue)) &#123;<br>            <span class="hljs-variable language_">console</span>.<span class="hljs-title function_">error</span>(<span class="hljs-string">&#x27;年龄必须是正整数&#x27;</span>);<br>            <span class="hljs-keyword">return</span>;<br>        &#125;<br>        data.<span class="hljs-property">age</span> = newValue;<br>    &#125;<br>&#125;);<br></code></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
</li>
<li><p>统一数据访问：可以在 getter 和 setter 方法中添加额外的逻辑，比如数据格式化、日志记录等，实现对数据的统一处理。</p>
<figure class="highlight javascript"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><code class="hljs javascript"><span class="hljs-title class_">Object</span>.<span class="hljs-title function_">defineProperty</span>(proxyData, <span class="hljs-string">&#x27;name&#x27;</span>, &#123;<br>    <span class="hljs-title function_">get</span>(<span class="hljs-params"></span>) &#123;<br>        <span class="hljs-variable language_">console</span>.<span class="hljs-title function_">log</span>(<span class="hljs-string">&#x27;获取名字&#x27;</span>);<br>        <span class="hljs-keyword">return</span> data.<span class="hljs-property">name</span>;<br>    &#125;,<br>    <span class="hljs-title function_">set</span>(<span class="hljs-params">newValue</span>) &#123;<br>        <span class="hljs-variable language_">console</span>.<span class="hljs-title function_">log</span>(<span class="hljs-string">&#x27;设置名字为：&#x27;</span> + newValue);<br>        data.<span class="hljs-property">name</span> = newValue;<br>    &#125;<br>&#125;);<br></code></pre></td></tr></table></figure></li>
</ol>
<p><strong>二、响应式编程</strong></p>
<ol>
<li><p>易于实现数据绑定：在前端框架中，数据代理可以实现数据的双向绑定。当数据发生变化时，自动更新相关的视图。你只需要在 setter 方法中触发视图更新的逻辑即可。</p>
<figure class="highlight javascript"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><code class="hljs javascript"><span class="hljs-title class_">Object</span>.<span class="hljs-title function_">defineProperty</span>(proxyData, <span class="hljs-string">&#x27;name&#x27;</span>, &#123;<br>    <span class="hljs-title function_">get</span>(<span class="hljs-params"></span>) &#123;<br>        <span class="hljs-keyword">return</span> data.<span class="hljs-property">name</span>;<br>    &#125;,<br>    <span class="hljs-title function_">set</span>(<span class="hljs-params">newValue</span>) &#123;<br>        data.<span class="hljs-property">name</span> = newValue;<br>        <span class="hljs-comment">// 触发视图更新</span><br>        <span class="hljs-title function_">updateView</span>();<br>    &#125;<br>&#125;);<br></code></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
</li>
<li><p>提高代码的可维护性：将数据的变化和视图的更新分离，使得代码结构更加清晰，易于维护。当需要修改数据更新的逻辑时，只需要在代理对象的 setter 方法中进行修改，而不需要在多个地方进行修改。</p>
</li>
</ol>
<p><strong>三、解耦和灵活性</strong></p>
<ol>
<li><p>解耦数据和业务逻辑：通过数据代理，可以将数据的访问和修改与具体的业务逻辑分离。这样可以使得代码更加模块化，易于测试和维护。</p>
<figure class="highlight javascript"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><code class="hljs javascript"><span class="hljs-comment">// 业务逻辑模块</span><br><span class="hljs-keyword">function</span> <span class="hljs-title function_">doSomethingWithData</span>(<span class="hljs-params"></span>) &#123;<br>    <span class="hljs-keyword">const</span> name = proxyData.<span class="hljs-property">name</span>;<br>    <span class="hljs-comment">// 进行业务逻辑处理</span><br>    <span class="hljs-variable language_">console</span>.<span class="hljs-title function_">log</span>(<span class="hljs-string">&#x27;处理数据：&#x27;</span> + name);<br>&#125;<br></code></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
</li>
<li><p>方便扩展和定制：可以根据具体的需求，在代理对象中添加额外的属性和方法，实现更加复杂的数据处理逻辑。同时，也可以方便地替换原始数据对象，而不影响其他部分的代码。</p>
<figure class="highlight javascript"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br><span class="line">16</span><br><span class="line">17</span><br><span class="line">18</span><br><span class="line">19</span><br><span class="line">20</span><br><span class="line">21</span><br><span class="line">22</span><br><span class="line">23</span><br><span class="line">24</span><br><span class="line">25</span><br><span class="line">26</span><br><span class="line">27</span><br><span class="line">28</span><br><span class="line">29</span><br><span class="line">30</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><code class="hljs javascript"><span class="hljs-keyword">let</span> newData = &#123;<br>    <span class="hljs-attr">name</span>: <span class="hljs-string">&#x27;王五&#x27;</span>,<br>    <span class="hljs-attr">age</span>: <span class="hljs-number">35</span>,<br>    <span class="hljs-attr">gender</span>: <span class="hljs-string">&#x27;男&#x27;</span><br>&#125;;<br>proxyData = &#123;&#125;;<br><span class="hljs-title class_">Object</span>.<span class="hljs-title function_">defineProperty</span>(proxyData, <span class="hljs-string">&#x27;name&#x27;</span>, &#123;<br>    <span class="hljs-title function_">get</span>(<span class="hljs-params"></span>) &#123;<br>        <span class="hljs-keyword">return</span> newData.<span class="hljs-property">name</span>;<br>    &#125;,<br>    <span class="hljs-title function_">set</span>(<span class="hljs-params">newValue</span>) &#123;<br>        newData.<span class="hljs-property">name</span> = newValue;<br>    &#125;<br>&#125;);<br><span class="hljs-title class_">Object</span>.<span class="hljs-title function_">defineProperty</span>(proxyData, <span class="hljs-string">&#x27;age&#x27;</span>, &#123;<br>    <span class="hljs-title function_">get</span>(<span class="hljs-params"></span>) &#123;<br>        <span class="hljs-keyword">return</span> newData.<span class="hljs-property">age</span>;<br>    &#125;,<br>    <span class="hljs-title function_">set</span>(<span class="hljs-params">newValue</span>) &#123;<br>        newData.<span class="hljs-property">age</span> = newValue;<br>    &#125;<br>&#125;);<br><span class="hljs-title class_">Object</span>.<span class="hljs-title function_">defineProperty</span>(proxyData, <span class="hljs-string">&#x27;gender&#x27;</span>, &#123;<br>    <span class="hljs-title function_">get</span>(<span class="hljs-params"></span>) &#123;<br>        <span class="hljs-keyword">return</span> newData.<span class="hljs-property">gender</span>;<br>    &#125;,<br>    <span class="hljs-title function_">set</span>(<span class="hljs-params">newValue</span>) &#123;<br>        newData.<span class="hljs-property">gender</span> = newValue;<br>    &#125;<br>&#125;);<br></code></pre></td></tr></table></figure></li>
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